Name the types of plant layout and types of production generally seen in manufacturing set ups.

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 Types of plant layout:

Layouts can be classified into the following categories:

1. Process Layout

2. Product Layout

3. Combination Layout

4. Fixed position Layout

5. Group Layout or Group-technology layout

Types of production: So far as the flow of materials through the conversion stages are concerned, we can divide production into the following: 

1. Intermittent production:    

  • Job Production
  • Batch Production
2. Continuous production:

  • Mass Production 
  • Process Production
Job Production are characterized by manufacturing of one or few quantity of products designed and produced as per the specification of customers within pre-fixed time and cost. The distinguishing feature of this is low volume and high variety of products, Fabrication process, Machining process etc.

A job production comprises of general purpose machine arranged into different departments. Each job demands unique technology requirement, demand processing on machines in certain sequence.

Batch Production is defined by American Production and Inventory Control Society (APICS) as a form of manufacturing in which the job passes through the functional departments in lots or batches and each lot may have a different routing. It is characterized by the manufacture of limited number of products produced at regular intervals and stocked awaiting sales. Example: textile production, pharmaceutical production etc.

Both job production and Batch production are intermittent production. Intermittent production is such type of production in which the conversion of raw materials into finished products takes place in an interrupted way.In this type all products may or may not undergo same conversion process and there exist a pause for setting up of tools and equipments in between production of two items which are somehow different from one another.

Continuous Production is such type of production in which the conversion process remain busy continuously and the input materials are fed into the conversion process uninterrupted. The output of the process also flows uninterrupted. Generally similar types of products are process in this system.

In the continuous production system, goods are produced constantly as per the demand forecast. Goods are produced on a large scale for stocking and selling. They are not produced in customer order.

Mass Production: Manufacturing of discrete parts or assemblies using a continuous process are called mass production. This production system is justified by very large volume of production. The machines are arranged in a line or product and process standardization exists and all outputs follow the same path. Example, production of automobiles, TV, computer etc.

Process Production: Production facilities are arranged as per the sequence of production operations from the first operation to the finished product. The items are made to flow through the sequence of operations through material handling devices such as conveyors, transfer devices, etc. Example Production of paper, cement, steel, chemicals etc. Here a single product is produced and stocked until it is demanded in the market. No production flexibility is available in these plants.



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